Learn how BsAbs and CAR T cells work

An Introduction to BsAbs

• Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins and are normally made by the immune system. Antibodies recognize and bind to harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses¹
• BsAbs are modified so that one arm of the Y binds to a target on myeloma cells, while the other arm binds to a different target on T cells. T cells are a type of immune cell capable of killing infected or cancerous cells. Note, the target on myeloma cells may also be present on other cells^2,3
• When T cells and myeloma cells are bound by the BsAb, the T cell is activated, causing it to release chemicals to destroy the myeloma cell²

Figure adapted from: https://healthtree.org/myeloma/guides/bispecific-antibodies/bispecific-antibodies-myeloma-guide-understanding-bsab.³

An Introduction to CAR T-cell Therapies

• CAR T-cell therapies use T cells collected from the patient and modified to make proteins called chimeric antigen receptors, or CAR proteins, that can bind to myeloma cells⁴
• These cells, now called CAR T cells, are then reintroduced to the patient⁴
• In the body, CAR T cells recognize and bind to myeloma cells, leading to myeloma cell death⁴

Figure adapted from: Luo J, Zhang X. Challenges and innovation in CAR-T cell therapy: a comprehensive analysis. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1399544.⁵